Smoking Rates and Cessation Strategies in Hong Kong

Smoking Rates and Cessation Strategies in Hong Kong The investigation about the knowledge on the risk treatment of smoking among IVE student Group member: Au Wai Mei Au YikHin Chan Ching Yu Chan Cho Ping   Chan Chui Po   Chan Chun Sing   Chan Hiu Yee Fibby This literature can help us to clarify our project for investigate about knowledge of smoking among teenagers in IVE. Nowadays, smoking is common. Although the prevalence of smoking is decreased in recent years in HK, there is still lot of people especially teenagers smoking around us. Therefore, face this problem to reduce the rate of smoke. Prevalence of smoking in HK among teenager There were 707,900 current smokers at the time of enumeration, accounting for 11.8% of all persons aged 15 and over in Hong Kong. Of those 707 900 current smokers, 648 800 were daily smokers and 59 100 were non-daily smokers. In addition, there were 347 800ex-daily smokers who previously had a daily smoking habit, representing 5.8% of all persons aged 15 and over.Of the 645 000 daily cigarette smoker, analyzed by age group, 65.7% were aged 40 and over; 22.2% were aged 30 39; 10.7% were aged 20 29 and 1.3% were aged15 – 19((see Census and Statistics Department Hong Kong Special Administrative Region) Moreover, the daily cigarette smokers by age and daily consumption of cigarettes which is the 84.9à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦of the daily cigarette smokers consumed 1 10 cigarettes in a day in 15-19 of age group. Meanwhile, over 15à ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of the daily cigarette smokers consumed more than 10 cigarettes in a day of it group. So that, we know that the prevalence and the times of smoking per day(see ASH) On the other hand,our one of objectiveis to know the reason why of smoking among teens. We searched some literatures which show the most of reason is peer influence. The other one is out of curiosity because teenagers want to try something. Other commonly cited reasons included â€Å"influence of family members, necessity in social functionsandrefreshing one’s mindetc(see Why you smoke by Gloria Meyer). Therefore, this literature can help us to do some project for investigate about knowledge of smoking among teenagers in IVE. Risk factor Passive smoking Nowadays, a lot of people have smoking habit in Hong Kong. Therefore, it will make people always exposure passive smoking via their parent, friends or outdoor environment. A recent study stated that there are about 600,000 people death of second-hand smoking and 21,400 people was got lung cancer in 2004. [seeMattias O., 2011.] It can see that passive smoking is affected our health or even will die. Compare with other study, it stated that people exposed passive smoking before age 25 that will have higher lung cancer risk than after age 25 years. [seeKofi A.,2008] It can see that people who younger than age 25 will be higher risk to get lung cancer when exposing passive smoking. On the other hand, ischemic heart disease also is a higher risk in passive smoking, there are about 379,000 people death of this disease. [seeMattias O., 2011.] In addition, one of study stated that passive smoking is associated with a small increase in the risk of coronary heart disease. [seeJIANG HE.,1999] However, this study was done a new investigation in 2005, it stated that passive smoking is rapidly affect cardiovascular system and the effect is nearly as large as smoking .[see Joaquin B.,2005.] It can see that heart disease will become a serious problem about the risk of passive smoking. Cardiovascular disease Some people may think tobacco is a great invention and there are nearly one billion people smoking in the earth. However, Tobacco contains more than 7000 chemicals and many of them are toxic.(See Benjamin, R. B.,2010) World Health Organization asserted that â€Å"Tobacco kills nearly 6 million people each year†. (seeTobacco, n.d.) According to the article, the main disease caused by tobacco is cancer. In America, there are near 6.5 million of people deaths caused by Smoking-related cancers since 1965 to 2014.(see Koh,H.K.,2014) Tobacco smoking can cause cancer everywhere in the body and both men and women, such as kidney, liver, bladder, trachea cancer. Lung cancer is easy to find in the smokers and nearly 9 of 10 lung cancer cause by smoking. (seeLushniak, B. L. 2014). A study has found that smoking can increase the risk factors of myocardial infarction, stroke, sudden cardiac death, peripheral vascular disease and aortic aneurysm. (seeBullen, C. B. 2008). Although the tobacco can change the blood chemical and damage the cardio system, most of the patient can repaired the damage of cardio system after they have smoking cessation. 3.  Respiratory diseases Respiratory diseases of smoking can be divided into Asthma and Allergic Rhinitis.Smoking during pregnancy is strongly related to fetal growth impairment, reduced lung function at birth and subsequent development of asthma. In conclusion, both ETS and personal smoking were significantly related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers. (seeHedman al,2011) The development of asthma-like symptoms during a 6-year period was associated with three independent risk factors: hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, atopy, and smoking. Smoking behavior was related to airway lability, but not to atopy. (seeRasmussenet al,2000) Cigarette smoke in there more than 4000 kinds of chemical ingredients, including: nicotine, tar, a large number of toxic substances. Female smokers suffering from asthma was significantly greater than men. ( Rasmussenet al,2000) Smoking can irritate the trachea, narrowing the airway, making asthma symptoms worse. Cigarette smoke inhalation after airway, not only produces airway per manent contraction, so that they are narrow and can affect expectoration function. (see Gallagher al,2014) Prieto et al findings are in line with previous studies that demonstrated an increased responsiveness to methacholine and adenosine 5-monophosphate(AMP) in a proportion of nonsmokers with allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, smokers with allergic rhinitis have a higher prevalence of airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine, confirms the observations of the study of Buczko and Zamel.(see Prieto et al, 2003) Among children and adolescents, significant associations between both active and passive smoking and allergic rhinitis and allergic dermatitis, and passive smoking was associated with an increased risk for food allergy.(see Saulyte et al, 2014) Treatment Medication Medication therapy is an effective smoking cessation method. There are severalways to help smokers quit smoking. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is the most widely used. These medications that contain nicotine are called Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT). NRT delivers nicotine to the body without the dangerous chemicals found in cigarettes. NRT is available at the pharmacy without a prescription as a nicotine inhaler (Nicorette ® Inhaler), nicotine lozenge (Nicorette ®, Thrive ®), nicotine patch (Nicoderm ®) and nicotine gum (Nicorette ®). Nicotine lozenges Nicotine lozenges are absorbed through the cheeks. When the smoker has a cigarette craving, they can use the lozenges which come in different strengths and flavours. The smoker and the health care provider can decide what strength to start with based on the smoker withdrawal symptoms. Nicotine inhaler Nicotine inhaler replaces the nicotine the smoker will get in cigarettes and other tobacco products. This inhaler is a plastic mouthpiece that the smoker puffs on. Then, put a cartridge that contains nicotine into the mouthpiece and puff. In this treatment, the nicotine is absorbed through the cheeks and the back of the throat. It does not go into the lungs. When the smoker has a cigarette craving, it can use the inhaler. Nicotine gum Nicotine gum is using for quitting smoke. Nicotine gum needs for use more than 30 minutes. When you have a craving for tobacco dependency, you can use nicotine gum for replace cigarette. Using nicotine products can prevent unpleasant craving and withdrawal symptoms. So you can quit smoke step by step. Also there have some disadvantage of nicotine gum. Nicotine gum is not suitable for wear dentures and someone doesnot like the taste of the gum. Non-medication This part is considered with the aspect of behavior. According to the research article aboutNatural history of attempts to stop smoking that shown Cessation is a more chronic, complex, and dynamic process.(see Hughes.,2014) Base on this, we are consider with what type of self-behavior should be efficacy with smoke cessation. Then, the exercise plus contingency management had been decreased craving but it did not affect smoking behavior.(see Kurti.,2014) and self-efficacy has been representing an importance source of therapeutic change in smoking cessation counseling.(see Schuck.,2014) The above treatment are not the popular treatment of the smoke cessation. An intensive training program for behavioral health professionals increased tobacco treatment and patient quit attempts.(See Williams.,2014) Through combine with self-behavior and prescribing can increase the effect. The special point of this research is needed to hire a professional to provide training to smoker. But the medications are not use. In addition, the research present that the workplace are the related issue for the smoke cessation. The workplace has potential as a setting through which large groups of people can be reached to encourage smoking cessation.(see Cahil.2013) there is the area to encourage the smoker cessation. It is likely to smoking free area that can control the smoker no smoke in this area. Conclusion Smoking is common social issue in Hong Kong and there is lots of knowledge about smoking. For the risk of smoking and passive smoking both would affect respiratory and cardiovascular system in the body. Also, it is necessary that to encourage people to quit smoking. And there are lots of cessation ways to help people quit smoking. It includes medication and non-medication aspects. The important thing is the smoker should discuss the plans to quit smoking with the health care provider and pharmacist to assess the smoker health suitable use the treatment. References: Allen, H. (2012). Nicotine products. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/medicine/Nicotine-products.htm ASH. (2014). Smoking statistics who smokes and how much. Action on smoking and health, 1-4. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://ash.org.uk/files/documents/ASH_106.pdf Asomaning, K., Miller, D. P., Liu, G., Wain, J. C., Lynch, T. J., Su, L., Christiani, D. C. (2008). Second hand smoke, age of exposure and lung cancer risk. Lung Cancer. 61(1), 13-20. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2515267/ Barnoya, J., Glantz, Stanton. A. (2005). Cardiovascular Effects of Secondhand Smoke: Nearly as Large as Smoking. Circulation, 111(20). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/111/20/2684.long Benjamin, R. B. (2010). A Report of the Surgeon General How Tobacco Smoke Causes Disease. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved Oct 4, from http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2010/consumer_booklet/pdfs/consumer.pdf Bullen, C. B. (2008). Impact of Tobacco Smoking And Smoking Cessation On Cardiovascular Risk And Disease. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 6(6), 883-895. Retrieved October 4, from http://www.cancernz.org.nz/Uploads/TobaccoHeartDiseasePaper.pdf Cahil, K., Lancaster, T. (2014). Workplace interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 1465-1858. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD003440.pub4/pdf He, J.,Vupputuri, S.,Allen, K.,Prerost, M. R.,Hughes, J., Whelto, P. K. (1999). Passive Smoking and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease-A Meta-Analysis of EpidemiologicStudies. The New England Journal of Medicine, 340(12). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199903253401204 Hedman, L.,Bjerg, A.,Sundberg, S.,Forsberg, B., Rà ¶nmark, E. (2010). Both environmental tobacco smoke and personal smoking is related to asthma and wheeze in teenagers. BMJ, 66(1). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://thorax.bmj.com/content/early/2010/11/02/thx.2010.143800 Hughes, J. R., Solomon, L. J.,Naud, S., Fingar, J. R., Helzer, J. E. Callas, P. W. (2014). Naturalhistory of attempts to stop smoking. Nicotine Tob Res, 16 (9), 1190-1198. Retrieved Oct 3, 2014, from http://ntr.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=longpmid=24719491 Kenny, T. (2012). Pregnancy and Smoking. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/pregnancy-and-smoking Kenny, T. (2012). Smoking The Facts. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, fromhttp://www.patient.co.uk/health/smoking-the-facts Kenny, T. (2012). Tips To Help You Stop Smoking. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/tips-to-help-you-stop-smoking Kenny, T. (2013). Nicotine Replacement Therapy. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014,fromhttp://www.patient.co.uk/health/nicotine-replacement-therapy Kenny, T. (2013). Nicotine Replacement Therapy. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/health/nicotine-replacement-therapy Knott, L. (2013). Smoking Cessation. EMIS. Retrieved Oct 6, 2014, from http://www.patient.co.uk/doctor/smoking-cessation-pro Koh, H. K. (2014). The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress A Report of the Surgeon General Executive Summary, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 13. Retrieved Oct 4, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/exec-summary.pdf Kurti, A. N. Dallery, J. (2014). A laboratory-based evaluation of exerciseplus contingency management for reducing cigarette smoking. Drug Alcohol Depend. Retrieved Oct 3, 2014, from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0376871614010746/1-s2.0-S0376871614010746-main.pdf?_tid=d35f9bf0-5343-11e4-9e1f-00000aab0f6cacdnat=1413251330_7f7ff077eae4b5b0ffff64d105eed529 Lam, T. S., Tse, L. A., Yu, I. T. (2008). Prevalence of smoking and environmental tobacco smoke exposure, and attitudes and beliefs towards tobacco control among Hong Kong medical students. ScienceDirect, 1-5. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.sph.cuhk.edu.hk/mph/doc/TS Forrest Lam.pdf Lushniak, B. L. (2014). LET’S MAKE THE NEXT GENERATION TOBACCO-FREE Your Guide to the 50th Anniversary Surgeon General’s Report on Smoking and Health. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Retrieved Oct 4, 2014, from http://www.surgeongeneral.gov/library/reports/50-years-of-progress/consumer-guide.pdf MCGHEE, S. M., CHEN, J., LAM, T. H., LAU, L., LAI, V. (2014). Expansion of Statutory Smoke-free Area and Tobacco Tax Raise. Tobacco Control Policy-related Survey 2012-2013. Hong Kong Council on Smoking and Health, 167-195. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.cosh.org.hk/UserFiles/resources/about_us/annual_reports/COSH_Annual_Report_2013_2014.pdf Meyer, G., Baker, T., Fox, B., Smith, S., Fiore, M., Meyer, G., Redmond, L., Remington, P., Ahrens, D., Christianson, A. (2002). Why People Smoke. INSIGHTS: SMOKING IN WISCONSIN. Deb Christianson, 1-16. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.ctri.wisc.edu/Publications/publications/WhyPeopleSmokefl.pdf Note: smoking cessation medication Oberg, M., Jaakkola, M. S., Woodward, A., Peruga, A., Pruss-Ustun, A. (2011). Worldwide burden of disease from exposure to second-hand smoke: a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. The Lancet, 377, 139–146. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/smoking.pdf Okuyemi, K. S.,Zheng, H.,Guo, H., Ahluwalia, J. S. (2010). Predictors of adherence to nicotine gumand counseling among African-American light smokers. J Gen Intern Med, 25(9), 969-976. Retrieved Oct 10, 2014, from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917663/ Polosa, R.,Knoke, J. D.,Russo, C.,Piccillo, G.,Caponnetto, P.,Sarvà  , M.,Proietti, L., Al-Delaimy, W. K. (2008). Cigarette smokingisassociatedwith agreaterrisk ofincidentasthmainallergic rhinitis. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 121(6), 1428-1434. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.jacionline.org/article/S0091-6749(08)00593-9/abstract Prieto, L.,Gutià ©rrez, V.,Uixera, S.,Bertà ³, J.M. (2003). Effectofcigarette smokingonairwayresponsivenesstoadenosine5-monophosphateinsubjectswithallergic rhinitis. Chest Journal, 123(4), 993-997. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1081484 Rasmussen, F.,Siersted, H.C.,Lambrechtsen, J.,Hansen, H. S., Hansen, N.C. (2000). Impact of airway lability, atopy, and tobacco smoking on the development of asthma-like symptoms in asymptomatic teenagers. Chest Journal, 117(5), 1330-1335. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://journal.publications.chestnet.org/article.aspx?articleid=1078840 Saulyte, J.,Regueira, C.,Montes-Martà ­nez, A.,Khudyakov, P.,Takkouche, B.(2014). Active or Passive Exposure to Tobacco Smoking and Allergic Rhinitis, Allergic Dermatitis, and Food Allergy in Adults and Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLSO, 11(3). Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.plosmedicine.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001611 Schuck, K., Otten, R., Kleinjan, M., Bricker, J. B., Engels, R. C. (2014). Self-efficacy and acceptance of cravings to smoke underlie the effectiveness of quitline counseling for smoking cessation. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 142, 269-276. Retrieved Oct 5, 2014, from http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0376871614009600/1-s2.0-S0376871614009600-main.pdf?_tid=51a32126-5344-11e4-8f4b-00000aab0f6bacdnat=1413251542_34aea21f4d3dddca1699faa1a5ae933b Sheyab, N. A., Alomari, M. A., Shah, S., Gallagher, P., Gallagher, R. (2014). Prevalence, Patterns and Correlates of Cigarette Smoking in Male Adolescents in Northern Jordan, and the Influence of Waterpipe Use and Asthma Diagnosis: A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 11(9), 9008-9023. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/11/9/9008 Social Surveys Section. (2013). Thematic Household Survey Report No. 53.Pattern of smoking. Publications Unit of CSD, 8-33. Retrieved Oct 7, 2014, from http://www.statistics.gov.hk/pub/B11302532013XXXXB0100.pdf Tobacco. (2014). Retrieved Oct 4, 2014, from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs339/en/ Williams, J. M., Miskimen, T., Minsky, S., Cooperman, N. A., Miller, M., Dooley Budsock, P., Cruz, J., Steinberg, M. (2014). Increasing Tobacco Dependence Treatment Through Continuing Education Training for Behavioral Health Professionals. Psychiatric Services, 10, 1176. Retrieved Oct 5, 2014, from http://ps.psychiatryonline.org/article.aspx?articleid=1906076

Student Debt in College

1 name Professor English date To Debt or Not to Debt: Why College is Worth the Investment When most people think about college they generally have the same mind set. You are taught from a young age that college is the only way to go but is that true? With recent tuition risings and the â€Å"American dream† seeming to vanish, college doesn’t seem to be worth its value anymore. Others believe that its college or you will be working at a fast food joint for the rest of your life. Most people in-between believe that money is the determining factor but with the amount of options should people even worry about this?Even though college might seem like a stretch with tuition rising, college is something more people should take part in because there are so many answers to get past the money and just enjoy the full college experience. For most students applying for colleges is all they have thought about since starting kindergarten. For others it’s been a lifelong dread a bout how do they even begin to try and 2 afford it essay writers online. With all the horror stories about finishing college with such enormous debts it can really turn student s away from college.Although the prices may have gone up the investment is still something to pursue. â€Å"Even in this economy, college graduates are much better off than high-school graduates. Yes, white-collar employees are losing their jobs. But the unemployment rate for people over twenty five years old who hold at least a bachelor’s degree is 4. 4 percent, compared with 9. 3 percent for the people that age who hold only a high-school diploma, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,† as put by Robin Wilson in A Lifetime of Student Debt, Not likely.Students complain about the large debts they can conjure up during these college years you truly are better off with it. It’s not just about the piece of paper; it’s about the opportunities that it creates. For most people coll ege can be the best time of their lives. You just got to be smart with what you have. Sara M. Harrington (A Lifetime of Student Debt, Not likely) wanted to be smart and looked ahead. She didn’t want to borrow any money that she knew she couldn’t pay back.Some students just want to not worry about any costs and just be done with college and get into the working world not thinking of any consequences. Although some might argue that you shouldn’t think about the future just think about today, you really need to be logical when borrowing money. You shouldn’t let money run your life but it usually does. Another thing to consider is that some of the students coming out with such enormous debts are because they go to private colleges. For some it’s too far out of reach and they choose 3 ommunity colleges and are most of the time they are better off. For me I chose the community college way because I knew my parents could not afford to help me if I went aw ay. Without my parents I wouldn’t be able to go to school, but I know even the payments for school now are hard enough. I could never imagine the burden of private or even state college tuition on my parents. Loans never go away so just be smart with your money and borrow less. When growing up teachers, parents, and counselers have always drilled college into your head but did they ever explain why?If asked it was to get a better job or to give your self a better furture than what they have. But maybe college isn’t always about learning but its about finding your self. â€Å"†¦College is not only about learning how to earn a living, .. , but also about learing how to live: how to be an informed and involved citizen, how to communicate effectively, how to understand other cultures and peoples, how to think and reflect† (Ch 14 opening statement). Most people seem to overlook these simple things. College might have the large goal of getting that diploma but it s about the experience.You are not only sitting in a classroom but you are figuring out new ways to do the things you love. Not only can you make life long friends but you can learn different backgrounds, try new things, and take any class imaginable. College may seem like a lot of work in the big picture but you can make it fun and worth the experience. Overall College might seem like a lot of work, stress, and debt but it is something that you should enjoy. Not only for the sake of saying â€Å"I went to college† but for bettering 4 yourself. You can come out with so much more life skills just from competing this life step.Every ones ecperience is going to be different, but you are only bettering your self in the end. 5 Works Cited Birkenstein, Cathy, and Russel Durst. â€Å"Chapter 14 Introduction: Is Higher Education Worth the Price? † They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing. By Gerald Graff. 2nd ed. N. p. : W. W. Norton &, 2012. 256-73. Print. W ilson, Robin. â€Å"A Lifetime of Student Debt, Not Likey. † They Say, I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing. 2nd ed. N. p. : W. W. Norton &, 2012. 256-73. Print

Causes And Effects Of Plastic Pollution - 1199 Words

Contents: Introduction ____________________________________________________p. 2 What is Plastic Pollution __________________________________________p. 2 Causes of Plastic Pollution _________________________________________p. 3 Effects of Plastic Pollution _________________________________________p. 4 How much plastic comes in my house________________________________p. 5 How much plastic goes out my house_________________________________p. 6 ADD MORE INTRODUCTION: NEED TO INCLUDE WHAT IS PLASTIC POLLUTION: Plastics are quite unique materials which can be made to resemble or even replace many other diverse materials. These materials include wood, stone, metal, glue, cloth, cardboard, rubber and more. Looking at†¦show more content†¦When these plastics get thrown away somewhere other than the bin, (ground, water, sink) it can become a toxin and cause harm to the environment, animals, plants and ourselves – humans. 2. Overused plastics Plastic bags are not that expensive and for single handed plastic bags, most supermarkets (e.g. Woolworths) just it for free anyway. Plastics are available almost everywhere although when it gets disposed, it doesn’t exactly decompose easily resulting in polluting land and air. 3. ADD MORE EFFECTS OF PLASTIC POLLUTON: Plastic Pollution is a huge issue in society and has many long-term effects due to it. These include: 1. Disruption of the food chain Polluting plastics affects many plants which then goes to animals and then to us, humans. Due to plastics coming in so many different sizes from big to small, they can poison plants of which some larger animals eat. The poisoned plant could then be consumed by the larger animal like cows, or even some smaller animals like fish. When smaller animals like fish accidently consume plastic because of human behaviour, it may mean that humans that consume that fish would also have plastic in them which can be highly dangerous for them. 2. Air pollution The burning of plastic in the open air releases many poisonous chemicals which all lead to environmental pollution. When this polluted air is inhaled by animals and humans it can haveShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Plastic Pollution1344 Words   |  6 PagesThousands of plastic factories are producing tons of plastic goods which are popularly used by the people because of their ease, cheapness and convenience. Due to non-biodegradable nature they cause hazardous negative impact on the environment. Disposal of plastic waste which are major cause of environment pollution becomes carcinogenic to human, birth defects, impaired immunity, endocrine disruption, development and reproductive effect. In addition to dumping of plastic material into marineRead MoreA Brief Note On The Consequences Of Pollution1467 Words   |  6 Pages The Consequences of Pollution Among the fourteen billion pounds of garbage produced across the globe annually, only a mere one to two percent of it becomes recycled, leaving the rest to be littered across the world’s oceans. To make matters worse, our freshwater supply is also polluted by oil spills and corroded pipelines. As if that was not enough, everyday our air becomes a mixture of chemicals and other harsh air pollutants that result in more damage to the earth. For our convenience, we managedRead MorePlastic Pollution Essay951 Words   |  4 PagesDue to humans’ excessive use of plastic and our inability to properly dispose of our waste, our ocean is unfortunately facing the consequences. This increasing problem is due to the fact that as plastic breaks down, it truly doesn’t completely decompose, instead it turns into microscopic pieces of plastic known as â€Å"microplastics†. These tiny pieces of plastic cover every inch of our ocean and there is nowhere on earth they cant be found. In addition research has shown that these microplastics actRead MoreOcean Pollution And The Ocean1673 Words   |  7 Pagespredict the outcome of food and medicine resources from the ocean if plastic pollution is not prevented or minimized? We as humans, need food and most times medicine to survive and to be healthy. Some of the resources we need for food and medicine come from the ocean. What will happen to our resources if we cannot prevent or at least minimize plastic pollution in the ocean? This paper will be about what experts say about ocean pollution, and how we can prevent it. For the first part of this paper youRead MoreWhat Humans Are Doing ( Causes )1196 Words   |  5 PagesOutline Introduction What Humans are Doing (causes) Oil (spills) Plastic 1.All spread out 2. Millions of tons each year 3. Doesn’t biodegrade C. Sewage 1. Cheaper to dump 2. Usually untreated D. Toxins/Chemicals 1. Dumping 2. Can escape during manufacture III. Impact on Humans A. Dangerous to ingest B. Oceans help with oxygen C. Causes a variety of medical issues Read MoreOceanic Pollution : A Major Issue Within The Modern Study Of Marine Biology1645 Words   |  7 PagesOceanic plastic pollution is a major issue within the modern study of marine biology. The main focus of many studies about oceanic pollution are within the Pacific Ocean. The Pacific Ocean holds much of the plastic pollution due to its location near costal countries along with being the main transportation for many exported goods. This topic has sparked interest because of the rapid growth of this problem will affect many within one’s life time along with changing oceanic life. Oceanic plastic pollutionRead MorePolythene Pollution815 Words   |  4 PagesPOLYTHENE POLLUTION INTRODUCTION The pollutants that are of major concern in today’s world are non biodegradable pollutants that do not degrade or degrade very slowly in the natural environment. Polythene pollution is an example of non biodegradable pollution and they persist on our earth years after years affecting even future generation. Polythene pollution is mostly created by polythene bags, plastic syringe, pesticide containers, medicinal bottles. [pic] Effects of Polythene Pollution PolytheneRead MorePersuasive Essay On Plastic Pollution1111 Words   |  5 PagesOver 8 million tons of plastic enter the sea every year according to the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. That is similar to over 8 million bear-sized piles of trash being polluted into open waters each year. Sources of plastic pollution are strictly from humans from littering, and improper trash removal. Fines are given to people who litter. Companies have laws to follow that are supposed to ensure proper removal of waste. However, the actions being used to solve the problem are notRead MoreEssay On Marine Pollution1058 Words   |  5 Pagesseal has a plastic ring around its snout, this is caused by pollution. It feels as if the seal has just giving up and it’s just accepting to die there. It’s almost seems that we can feel the sadness projecting to us. This image makes me think how many aquatic life’s must die because of our mistake. I chose this image, so people c an see the real damage that we cause when we liter on the beach. Based on this image I would like to focus on 1. Who is getting affected by the marine pollution? 2. WhatRead MorePollution, A Silent Death922 Words   |  4 PagesAlwattar Ms. White AP Biology May 19, 2015 Pollution, a silent death Imagine a world without pollution. A globe that’s free and open with clean and fresh air. Now this may sound like the perfect world to many, but to others it sounds impossible. It takes a lot to make it happen and there are many steps before reaching that perfect world. Pollution has many factors, from litter, garbage and plastics to oil spills, urban air and greenhouse gasses. Things like this cause natural disasters and environment hazards

Use of Attics in Literature Essay - 4376 Words

The Phenomenology of Space--Attic Memories and Secrets Since Gilbert and Gubars The Madwoman in the Attic, critics have assumed that attics house madwomen. But they use that concept as a metaphor for their thesis, that women writers were isolated and treated with approbation. In most literature, attics are dark, dusty, seldom-visited storage areas, like that of the Tulliver house in The Mill on the Floss--a great attic under the old high-pitched roof, with worm-eaten floors, worm-eaten shelves, and dark rafters festooned with cobwebs--a place thought to be weird and ghostly. Attics do not house humans (not even mad ones) they warehouse artifacts that carry personal and familial history--often a history that has been†¦show more content†¦Attics make us think of history, interesting artifacts, old toys, books, clothes, linens, jewelry, and other treasures—but, most of all, of deep, dark, and significant family secrets. It was in the attic of the house that I grew up in that, as a snooping teenager, I found the packet of letters from my mother to her first husband. Her FIRST husband. I had never dreamed that she had had but one husband--my father. And had I not ferreted out those letters, I probably still would not know. Then, that night, my father took me aside–Im sure at my mothers urging–and confessed that he too had been married and divorced before he met my mother. Whether particular attics hide such secrets hardly matters. What matters is that psychologically we believe that they do. In fact, attics frequently house just the sort of information I unearthed–facts that one is too attached to to throw away, but which one very much wants to remain secret. Before a discussion of attics can begin, it is essential to define what is meant by attic and to distinguish attics from upper rooms. Not all third floor spaces are attics, because many larger houses have and had third floor rooms that were normal living spaces, sometimeshaving bedrooms and sometimes having a huge, finished room used for balls and other parties. Such rooms were furnished, and comfortably habitable. Such is the case with a room that is often cited as an attic that incarcerates a madwoman, the upper room in TheShow MoreRelatedEssay on Shel Silverstein1479 Words   |  6 Pagesof his major collections of works of literature are the critically acclaimed Where the Sidewalk Ends and A Light in the Attic. They have no real historic significance; they were written to entertain. These two books contain some of Silverstein’s most accredited work. Since the books are children’s literature, not many critics have taken the time to review the works. However, Shel S ilverstein Book Reviews reference to a review of Silverstein’s A Light in the Attic said, amp;quot;Despite such momentsRead MoreThe Importance Of Soil And Evaluation Of Taxonomic Evidence748 Words   |  3 Pagesclassification of a ‘red-figured Stamnos (The British Museum, n.d)’. Analysis of function, status and meaning of this Stamnos provide evidence of how it has changed over time. This is further achieved by examining the production, consumption and afterlife of ‘Attic pottery (Hughes et al., 2014, p.60)’. Production To begin, an intrinsic measure of soil and evaluation of taxonomic evidence identifies this Stamnos as between 450BC-440BC of Athenian provenance. Raw material excavated from a clay bed then transportedRead MoreWomen s Rights By Jane Eyre1351 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s rights has been a topic of controversy for a long time. In 1791 we begin to see literature as a form of expression against oppression when Marie Gouze, a self educated female in France,is inspired by The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and writes The Declaration of the Rights of Women.This lays down the forefront for women’s rights and influences people to express themselves in literature and to give females a voice. Charlotte Bronte writes Jane Eyre in 1847 which depicts theRead MoreShel Silverstein Critical Review1565 Words   |  7 Pagesshould not overlook the valuable contributions of Shel Silverstein. From his first publication, The Giving Tree, to his final work, Falling Up, Silver stein entertained generations of children and parents alike with his use of poetry. His work, specifically in 1981’s A Light in the Attic, has been used as the backbone for many educators’ introduction of poetry to students. Entries like â€Å"Hot Dog,† â€Å"Homework Machine,† â€Å"Superstitious,† â€Å"Messy Room,† and â€Å"The Sitter† work on many levels with multiple audiencesRead More A Womans Struggle Captured in The Yellow Wallpaper1088 Words   |  5 Pagesfind that the narrator is repeatedly belittled and demeaned by her husband.   On first arriving at the vacation home John chooses the old attic nursery against his wifes wishes and laughs at her when she complains about the wallpaper (Kennedy et al.   424,425).   In Charlotte Brontes novel }{plain ul Jane Eyre}{plain , Mr.   Rodchester uses his attic to keep his insane wife hidden from the rest of the world.   Johns actions can easily be interpreted with the same malice.   The narratorsRead MoreSherlock Holmes : An Fictional Detective Created By Sir Conan1143 Words   |  5 Pageswas in A Study in Scarlet, when Holmes calls it a brain-attic. This attic starts empty and as a man goes through life, he stocks it with information, but the attic can’t expand, therefore it has limited space; if it gets too full, you’ll forget things. Sherlock uses this to defend his case of not knowing about the solar system, because his brain-attic is only full of information he’ll actually need, such as: Chemistry, Sensational Literature, Anatomy, Geology, Botany, and little to no Politics. InRead MoreLouver Essay1386 Words   |  6 Pagesinstallation. Gable vents are critical to home comfort and efficient energy consumption and they are the number one way to vent hot air from the attic. Located at the highest point in the home, gables are the first point reached by the heated air in a home. Here the hot air is sucked out of the home through the gable by cooler air; the temperature drops; and the attic is cooler. Aluminum gable vents offer many advantages over vinyl vents; therefore, aluminum is the choice of Onyx Xteriors. Other areasRead MoreBiography of Annie Prolux 993 Words   |  4 Pageswomen were badly beaten, some covered in paint, and one covered in newspapers. Mr. Croom had the attic locked for twelve years. Proulx uses the plot to keep the reader interested by giving descriptions of the bodies. She starts the story off with Mr. Croom death. It keeps the reader interested to find out what happens in the end. The exposition is where Mr. Croom falls off the cliff and keeps the attic locked from his curious wife. The climax is when Mrs. Croom finds the dead bodies. There was a satisfactoryRead More A Fools Payment947 Words   |  4 Pagesexistence in an attic apartment. Mathilde Loisel was born to a lower middle class French family, but she wished that she could have of noble birth. Her longing for a better life caused her great grief. When she could have been happy with her situation in life, instead she would dream of a grand home and wealthy, dignified friends. When she borrowed a diamond necklace from a friend and lost it at an elegant party, she brought downfall to her husband and herself. Not only does Guy de Maupassant use the necklaceRead MoreRace and Caribbean Culture1709 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing one of the primary examples of social inequality, often appear in controversial and important works of literature. In the Caribbean Sea, people have had to deal with centuries of racial prejudices and sociological inequity, since the first explorers arrived on the island and demanded that those with darker skins become the slaves of those with light skin. Three particular works of literature, Wide Sargasso Sea by Jean Rhys, The Kingdom of This World by Alejo Carpenter, and The Farming of Bones by